The World Copper Factbook 2014

Refined Copper Production

World Refined Copper Production, 1960-2013

Thousand metric tonnes

Source: ICSG

20,000

17,500

15,000

12,500

10,000

7,500

5,000

2,500

0

1960 1964 1968 1972 1976 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012

 Refinery Primary  Refinery Secondary  Refinery SX-EW

With the emergence of solvent extraction-electrowinning, (SX-EW) technology, refined copper produced from leaching ores has been on the rise, increasing from less than 1% of world refined copper production in the late 1960’s to 18% of world output in 2013.

The World Copper Factbook 2014

Trends in Refined Capacity, 1997-2017

Thousand metric tonnes copper

Source: ICSG Directory of Copper Mines and Plants - July 2014

This chart shows world copper refinery capacity by refining process. The ratio between production and capacity is called the capacity utilization rate. The world refinery capacity utilization rate was around 79% in 2013.

The World Copper Factbook 2014

Refined CopperProduction byRegion, 1990-2013

Thousand metric tonnes

Source: ICSG

25,000

20,000

15,000

10,000

5,000

0  1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

Region with the highest output of refined copper in 1990: the Americas (4,250 kt), followed by Europe (3,000 kt)

Leading region in the world in 2013: Asia (10,340 kt) as compared to 2,500kt in 1990.

The World Copper Factbook 2014

Refined Copper Production by Country: Top 20 Countries in 2013

Thousand metric tonnes Source: ICSG

China Chile

Japan United States Russian Fed.

Germany

Congo

India Korean Rep. Zambia Poland

Australia

Belgium

Mexico

Peru

Spain Kazakhstan

Canada

Brazil Bulgaria

The World Copper Factbook 2014

Major International Trade Flows of Refined Copper1

1Figure is intended to illustrate trade flows but not actual trade routes. Detailed trade matrices are available in ICSG Statistical Yearbook.

The World Copper Factbook 2014

24,000

22,000

20,000

18,000

16,000

14,000

12,000

10,000

8,000

6,000

4,000

2,000

0

World Refined Copper Usage, 1900-2013

Thousand metric tonnes

Source: ICSG

Since 1900, apparent usage for refined copper has increased from less than 500 thousand tonnes to 21.2 million metric tonnes in 2013 as usage over the period grew by a compound annual growth rate of 3.4% per year.

The World Copper Factbook 2014

Refined Copper Usage by Region, 1960, 1980 & 2013

Thousand metric tonnes

Source: ICSG

The key driver to global refined copper usage has been Asia, where demand has expanded more than fivefold over the last 30 years.

The World Copper Factbook 2014

World Refined Copper Usage* per Capita: 1950-2013

Sources: ICSG and US Census Bureau

*Refined copper is typically consumed by semis fabricators or the “first users” of refined copper, including ingot makers, master alloy plants, wire rod plants, brass mills, alloy wire mills, foundries and foil mills. As a result, per capita consumption of refined copper refers to the amount of copper consumed by industry divided by the total population and does not represent consumption of copper in finished products per person.

The World Copper Factbook 2013

Refined Copper Production

World Refined Copper Production, 1960-2012

Thousand metric tonnes

Source: ICSG

With the emergence of solvent extraction-electrowinning (SX-EW) technology, refined copper produced from leaching ores has been on the rise, increasing from less than 1% of world refined copper production in the late 1960’s to 18% of world output in 2012.

The World Copper Factbook 2013

Trends in Refined Capacity, 1996-2016

Thousand metric tonnes copper

Source: ICSG Directory of Copper Mines and Plants - February 2013

This chart shows world copper refinery capacity by refining process. The ratio between production and capacity is called the capacity utilization rate. The world refinery capacity utilization rate was around 79% in 2012.

The World Copper Factbook 2013

Refined Copper Production by Region, 1990-2012

Thousand metric tonnes

Source: ICSG

Region with the highest output of refined copper in 1990: the Americas (4,250 kt), followed by Europe (3,000 kt)

Leading region in the world in 2012: Asia (9,720 kt) as compared to 2,500kt in 1990.

The World Copper Factbook 2013

Refined Copper Production by Country: Top 20 Countries in 2012

Thousand metric tonnes Source: ICSG

China

Chile

Japan United States Russian Fed.

India Germany Korean Rep. Poland Zambia Australia Congo Spain Belgium Mexico Kazakhstan Peru Canada Bulgaria Iran

The World Copper Factbook 2013

Major International Trade Flows of Refined Copper1

1Figure is intended to illustrate trade flows but not actual trade routes. Detailed trade matrices are available in ICSG Statistical Yearbook.

The World Copper Factbook 2013

World Refined Copper Usage, 1900-2012

Thousand metric tonnes Source: ICSG

20,000

18,000

16,000

14,000

12,000

10,000

8,000

6,000

4,000

2,000

0

Since 1900, demand for refined copper increased from less than 500 thousand tonnes to over 20 million metric tonnes in 2012 as demand over the period grew by a compound annual growth rate of 3.4% per year.

The World Copper Factbook 2013

Refined Copper Usage by Region, 1960, 1980 & 2012

Thousand metric tonnes Source: ICSG

Thousand Metric Tonnes Copper

14,000

12,000

10,000

8,000

6,000

4,000

2,000

0

Growth in refined copper usage has been especially strong in Asia, where demand has expanded more than fivefold over the last 30 years.

The World Copper Factbook 2013

World Refined Copper Usage* per Capita: 1950-2012

Sources: ICSG and US Census Bureau

*Refined copper is typically consumed by semis fabricators or the “first users” of refined copper, including ingot makers, master alloy plants, wire rod plants, brass mills, alloy wire mills, foundries and foil mills. As a result, per capita consumption of refined copper refers to the amount of copper consumed by industry divided by the total population and does not represent consumption of copper in finished products per person.

The World Copper Factbook 2014

Major Uses of Copper: Usage by Region and End Use Sector, 2013

Basis: copper content, thousand metric tonnes

Source: International Wrought Copper Council (IWCC) and International Copper Association (ICA)

Americas

14%

Europe

19% Equipment

31%

ROW 5%

Industrial

12%

Transport

12%

Infrastructure

15%

The World Copper Factbook 2013

Major Uses of Copper: Usage by Region and End Use Sector, 2012

Basis: copper content, thousand metric tonnes

Source: International Wrought Copper Council (IWCC) and International Copper Association (ICA)

Total Copper Usage, Including Direct Melted Copper Scrap, 2002-2012

Source: ICSG Recyclables Survey March 2014

25,000

ICSG Global Copper Recyclables Use, 2004-2012

Source: ICSG Recyclables Survey March 2014

The World Copper Factbook 2013

Total Copper Usage, Including Copper Scrap, 2002-2011

Thousand metric tonnes copper

Source: ICSG

The World Copper Factbook 2013

ICSG Global Copper Recyclables Use, 2003-2011

Thousand metric tonnes

Source: ICSG

End Uses of Lead

The principal consumption of lead is for lead-acid batteries which are used in vehicles, and in emergency systems (e.g. hospitals) as well as in industrial batteries found in computers and fork lift trucks. Lead is also used in remote access power systems and load levelling systems as well as in compounds in the glass and plastics industries and for radiation shielding. Average end use patterns over the last five years are illustrated in chart 1.

Chart 1:End Uses of Lead

End Uses of Zinc

Zinc's effectiveness in protecting steel against corrosion by galvanising is well recognised, while the ability to die cast complicated components makes zinc indispensable in a multitude of industry and household products. It also has important markets in the brass and construction industries and in chemicals and constitutes an essential nutritional element. Zinc's main end uses are shown in chart 2.

Chart 2:End Uses of Zinc